Introduction As global shipping volumes grow and vessels become larger, port efficiency and safety are under increasing pressure. Traditional mooring methods—reliant on ropes, manual labor, and weather-dependent operations—are becoming a

Introduction Mega cities are growing faster than their infrastructure. Urban airports—often surrounded by dense residential and commercial zones—are facing a critical challenge: severe space shortage. At the same time, demand

Introduction As environmental regulation tightens and corporate sustainability demands grow, road-freight operators face increasing pressure to monitor, report, and reduce their carbon footprint. Traditional emission reporting — based on estimates