How Biofouling Regulations Are Changing Global Shipping Operations
Introduction Biofouling—the accumulation of microorganisms, plants, algae, or small animals on wet surfaces such as ship hulls—has long posed challenges for maritime industries. Not only does it increase drag and fuel consumption, but it also facilitates the spread of invasive aquatic species. As environmental concerns grow, new international regulations are emerging to combat biofouling, significantly […]
